A STUDY OF LIPID PROFILE IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). Chronic Kidney Disease is a global health problem. In the United States Prevalence of CKD is increasing and affects about 19 million Americans. In the last decade United States has seen a 30% increase in patients suffering from CKD. In India due to chronic diseases the projected number of deaths will increase from 3.78 million in 1990 (40.4% of all deaths) to an expected 7.63 million in 2020 (66.7% of all deaths). Over the past few decades, it was accepted that CKD is related with a high mortality rate and accelerated Cardio-Vascular (CV) disease. The prevalence of clinical coronary heart disease is 40% in which CVD mortality is 10 to 30 times higher compared to the general population of the same gender, age and race. Dyslipidemia may be aggravated by dialysis especially continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Dyslipidemia among CVD negatively impacts which turn influence the frequency and/or duration of hospitalizations. Patients on CAPD exhibit low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high levels of total cholesterol (TC).  Aim: The main aim of study is to know about abnormalities pattern of lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients. Material and methods: This is prospective study conducted in Department of General Medicine of Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences and Prasad Hospital Lukhnow, India during 1 year. Total 150 patients were included in this study that was diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Patients with more than 20 year of age with physical and history with clinical findings of kidney disease and Biochemical evidence of CKD were recorded for data collection.  Sonological abnormalities suggesting CKD also recorded. From all the patient’s Blood samples were taken after a minimum of nine hours of fasting then were asked to have a light fat free diet on the day prior to sampling. On the same day the samples were analyzed for the levels of trigycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol levels. Result: In above table shows maximum number of cases in 21-30 years of age group (27.3%) followed by 31-40 years (24.0%). The above table showed 90 (60.0%) were males and 60 (40.0%) were females. Normal Serum HDL values ranged between 23mg/dl to 46mg/dl. Patients showed abnormal HDL levels (<40 mg/dl) were 56. There was a significant reduction in HDL-C levels in patients with CKD.  In 23 patients abnormally high LDL levels (>130mg/dl) were found.  TGL levels were abnormal in 41 patient’s shows > 160mg/dl. Total cholesterol was more than 200mg/dl in 30 patients. Conclusion: Between males and females there is no significant difference in the lipid profile except for triglyceride level. In chronic kidney disease patients total cholesterol is significantly increased as well as triglyceride level also increase. Therefore dyslipidemia is common complication of CKD. Hence early diagnosis of dyslipidemia indicated potential therapeutic approaches like therapeutic life style changes and pharmacotherapy should be initiated to limit the long term consequences of cardiovascular disease in this population.

Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Lipid Profile, Cardiovascular disease (CVD)