Why so depressed?

Abstract

Depression is a common mental illness characterized by persistent sadness and a loss of interest in activities that people normally enjoy, accompanied by an inability to carry out daily activities, for 14 days or longer.  Prevalence of depression varies in different age groups in different parts of the world. According to WHO, an estimated 300 million suffered from depression in 2017.

Female gender, presence of comorbidity, previous history of depression, familial background of depression, high birth order, nuclear family, parental conflicts, residential schooling, chronic illness and cognitive decline inability to cope with studies, work place stress and harassment are a few known risk factors of depression.

Preventing and Early Diagnosis of Depression helps in controlling the morbidity and mortality due to depression. The Health Ministry should take necessary steps in establishing counselling cells, 24*7 help lines and mobile chat applications to reduce the emotional turmoil experienced by the youth and adolescents. Promoting healthy lifestyle and organizing geriatric clubs to encourage socialization will reduce depression among elderly to a certain extent. This review seeks to collect and collate information on depression, to create an evidence base and to aid the stakeholders in taking appropriate measures to reduce depression.

Keywords: Depression, Risk Factors, Prevention, Adolescents, Youth