ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE: EXPRESSION OF SYCOSIS MIASM IN TODAY’S ERA

: Background : The word miasm means an infection. Hippocrates was the first who use the term "miasm" which has its origins in the Greek word for taint or fault. He anticipated that certain infectious diseases were transmitted to humans by air and water tainted by miasms. Hahnemann thought that the life power is infected by certain factors and this infection creates the disease. Dr. Hahnemann has recognized three special forms which he has designated as PSORA, SYCOSIS AND SYPHILIS. Which are recognized as ‘Miasm’ Objectives : The objective of the study is to understand the Expression of Sycosis miasm in Today’s Era. Methods : This Prospective study includes 50 cases that were randomly selected which had predominantly sycotic expression irrespective age, sex and The symptoms in the case were analyzed for the sycosis expressions. Investigation was carried out as and when required as per the case. The remedy was selected on the basis of totality of symptoms. The remedies were used in various potencies with repetition of doses as per the requirement of the case. The Homoeopathic remedies were selected from Standard Homoeopathic Pharmacy, Response was analyzed into 3 criteria: Mild Improvement, Moderate Improvement, Status quo, Left the treatment. genders different and different family analyzed homeopathic calculi gout, BPH, DNS, cyst, fibroids 5% totality


Introduction:
In modern terminology, miasm means diathesis, constitutional susceptibility or predisposition to a particular disease. The deeper roots of diseases or miasm can be traced back through generations to five primary diseases: Cancer, Gonorrhea (Sycotic), Syphilis, Tubercular (TB), and Psora. Miasm alter the ideal genetic blueprint for our health and can affect our entire being physically, mentally, and emotionally. [1] Fortunately, miasm can be corrected and cleared from us with homeopathy. It is important to note that the presence of a miasm does not necessarily indicate that one has acquired this disease in their lifetime. The probability is that you have inherited the miasm from generations ago. [2] When the abnormal thoughts start accumulating in a mind excessively and remain persistently, person will land in Sycotic state of mind. For example, greediness. When selfishness reaches the highest point, person will become greedy. Then he starts accumulating property, power and money, etc. When a person goes in excessive Sycotic condition; obviously this antisocial condition will create lot of disturbances in his life. In today's competitive world, many men select the easiest path for success as one call it short cut, and collects all pleasure, power and property. This gives rise only two miasm that is sycosis and syphilis at mental level. Syphilis is more destructive than the sycosis with sudden onset, here as Sycosis is slow and gradual in onset. One can say Sycosis is a good planner. [In disease state as well as in mental state.] [3,4] In the sycosis miasm the structural changes occur gradually, resulting in reversible or irreversible damage of the organ. That is depending up on individuality and vital force. E.g., Mitral Stenosis-as a result of cell injury, structural changes take place in the mitral valve area causing thickening of the valve which gradually leads to Stenosis. Simultaneously, due to the backpressures there is dilation of the right atrium. Likewise, the sycotic miasm works in the body.The effect of sycosis is a manifestation of abnormal contraction, dilatation, indurations and tissue growth or hypertrophy. Sycotic miasm is characterized by moderate degree of hypoxia or ischemia (II degree) which is responsible for an abnormal cell behavior and cell injury. Hypoxia hampers the cellular metabolism which is responsible for the abnormal protein chain and the abnormal growth of the affected cells. If this state persists it causes neoplasm or tumor like growth. So again, moderate degree of hypoxia leads to irreversible cell damage, known as Sycosis miasm. As the person expresses more and more Sycosis miasm, expression of miasm also begin on the physical level. [5] Looking into situation of whole world, it is absolutely essential that one specially, a homoeopathic physician understands the expressions of sycosis miasm in recent era, understanding of miasm needs to be updated to be able to bring homeopathic treatment of collective issues to a higher level. In today's environment and life style an in-depth study of miasm particularly of sycosis is required.

Materials:
The materials utilized for the study were: 1) Case record form of College O.P.D

Method of Collection of Data:
The study was performed in following way: The cases were randomly selected which had predominantly sycoticexpression irrespective of age, sex and religion. In all cases, the family history and past history was recorded to evaluate the expression of miasm. The symptoms in the case were analyzed for the sycosis expressions Inclusion parameter: The cases with predominant sycotic expression. Exclusion parameter: Those patients who did not follow the medical advice were excluded from study. Psychologically unstable and non-co-operative or those who did notgive consent were excluded from study. The patients with irreversible pathology were excluded from the study.
Investigation was carried out as and when required as per the case. 5) The remedy was selected on the basis of totality of symptoms.
6) The remedies were used in various potencies as per the requirement of thecase. 7) The remedies were repeated as per the requirement of the case.
The Homoeopathic remedies were selected from Standard HomoeopathicPharmacy.
If any patient suffered with acute complaints during the study they were treated with acute remedies and followed by constitutional drugs. These drugs were administered in various potencies.
Response was analyzed into 3 criteria: Mild Improvement: cases with relief in intensity and frequency ofpresenting complaints less than 50% with sense of well-being.
Moderate Improvement: cases with relief in intensity and frequency ofpresenting complaints more than 50% with sense of well-being.
Status quo: cases with no relief either in physical or mental symptoms.
Left the treatment: cases that did not maintain regular follow up or didnot return.

Results
50 cases where expression of sycosis miasm was present were taken for the study an observation made during the study is presented in tabular form. As shown in the table, out of 50 selected cases. The maximum incidence of sycosis was present in 11 cases belonging toage group of 31-40 years. The minimum incidence was present in 1 case in 81 years above age group. 100 As shown in table-2, during the study it was observed that males were predominantly affected than females i.e., 26(52%) Maximum cases i.e., 26 (52%) observed were male. Female in incidence rate was 24 (48%) cases.  Aversion to meat 1 3 Aversion milk 2 4 Aversion sweet 1 5 Craving for fatty food 1 6 Desire fermented food 1 7 Desire for alcohol 1 8 Desire for milk 1 9 Desire salty food 3 10 Desire sour 4 11 Desire spicy food 14 12 Desire sweets. 10 13 Perspiration offensive 1 14 Perspiration profuse 3 15 Perspiration scanty 1 16 Perspiration stains yellow 1 17 Ravenous appetite 1 18 Thirst increased 5 19 Thirst less. 3 Oily skin 1 8 Warts 8 Sclerosis of valves of heart 1 15 Urticarial eruption 2 Oily food 2 3 Eating after 1 4 Cold weather 3 5 Damp weather 4 6 At night 10 7 Change of weather 5 8 Evening 2 9 Rainy season 4 10 Spicy food 1 11 Exertion 1

Discussion
As the study shows different-different expression of sycosis miasm in today's era, I hereby discuss various points observed during study of 50 cases.
Age: Sycosis was present in 11 cases belonging to age group of 31-40 years. Here person is more demanding and we can say they are in younger age, and sycosis is also in young age. Whereas 1 case in 81 years above age group the human body deteriorate as miasm also goes towards destruction.
Gender: The study reveals that there is no gender wise preponderance of expression of sycosis miasm only slight predominance. i.e. 26 males and 24 females.
Mental expression: Predominant mental expression of sycosis was observed, was of anger (8 cases) which was expressed in different ways like anger at trifles, anger when contradicted, with abusive language or even throwing things when angry. At the other end even suppression of anger was also observed. As such Dr. Hahnemann has described in sycosis, predominance expression of sycosis being irritability and anger. Another mental expression that was observed were of dominating person and desire for company (5 cases each), secretive, suspicious, obstinate and avoid eye contacts were one typical sycotic features which were confirmed during study.
Physical general expression: Out of total number of 50 cases, Desire spicy-14 cases, Desire sweets-10 cases, Thirst increased was present in 5 cases. Uptil now in any books increased thirst is not mentioned in sycosis expression; during the research it was noticed. Here as it is hydrogenoid constitution miasm attract by water compound which is present in drug like Medorrhinum. These physical generals confirm with the review of literature.
Pathological general expression: As described in chronic miasm that over growth, accumulation and compensation are pathologies observed in Sycosis miasm, same is reconfirm in the study.
Pathological general expression is in 32 patients out of 50 casesmore are Warts -8 cases, Obesity -7 cases Leucorrhea -in 6 cases.
Physical particular expression: The typical pains described in sycosis miasm by Dr. Hahnemann are shifting, neuralgic, and pulsating throbbing pains. Over all in different cases, the pain that were observed during study was typically neuralgic, shifting, throbbing and pulsating pain (6 cases). Review of literature states that joint affections of sycosis miasm are typically swelling, stiffness and crepitation same were reconfirmed in the study.
Aggravating Modalities: When one study the sycosis miasm through various books the general aggravating factors are damp weather, rainy weather. Out of 50 cases 10 cases had aggravation at night and change of weather, were present in 5 cases. The other aggravating modalities were seen walking, eating after and spicy food, evening, oily food and Cold weather.
Ameliorating Modalities: Out of 50 cases 2 cases had amelioration from Motion and weeping, massage, warm applications; perspirations were present in 1 case.
Disease: As study is based on sycosis, the disease more frequently seen were Hypertension in 7 cases, renal stone in 5 cases and Diabetes mellitus in 4 cases. There were many other common diseases which reveal sycosis are Hypothyroidism, Hemorrhoids, Ovarian cyst, Gout, BPH, Fibroids, UTI,Asthma, DNS, Fatty liver, Gall stone, Vocal cord polyp, Papilloma of breast,IHD, and Hyperlipidaemia.
System Involvement: In the study of sycosis system that involved was Skin (Integumentry system) in 15 cases Respiratory system, in 14 cases Musculo-skeletal system, in 8 cases.
Nervous, digestive, Genito-urinary systems were affected in 4 cases Endocrine in 2 cases.
Remedies: Lycopodium has all the three miasm is equally well indicated for sycosis. Although sulphur is predominantly anti-psoric, has antisycotic taints and hence was indicated. Others strongly anti-sycotic medicines are: Calcarea Carbonicum, Medorrhinum, Natrum Muriaticum, Thuja, conium, kaliCarbonicum, Natrum Sulphuricum and Sepia were indicated and acted well.
Susceptibility: Susceptibility is inherent capacity of living organism to receive the stimuli in environment and to react against it. In sycosis the progress of disease is slowbecause of slow in reactivity is also expressed in poor (low) form. Which was noticed in 19 cases and those who react immediately are considered as ahighly susceptible or highly reactive which were present in 15 cases.

Conclusion
From our study we would like to conclude that sycosis is flourishing miasm in many directions in this world. Along with it, it is most mischievous and difficult to conclude on mental aspect. Because we cannot grab sycotic person from their mind. Here I have made aneffort to find out the common features of sycosis in this era which we can effortlessly find out and get from people.